This book considers some of the regional structural challenges that need to be overcome if Colombia is to break free from the past and finally embark on a path of sustained social cohesion and regionally inclusive growth. The examined challenges broadly fall into three areas: (i) those centering on competitiveness and the supply side, (ii) those arising from critical business cycle demand side issues, and (iii) those connected with environmental sustainability, employment, and social inclusion. The volume examines each of these domains, approaching selected topics through quantitative simulations based on a unified general equilibrium framework.