This study approaches the measurement of energy efficiency development in the German and Colombian energy intensive sectors (EISs) at three levels of aggregation from a production-theoretic structure, using of the method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The results show considerable variation in energy efficiency performance in the EISs of both countries. Comparing the results across models, it was found that, in the German industrial sector, the three measures of energy efficiency were similar, indicating that an appropriate combination of technical efficiency and cost minimization are necessary for energy efficiency improvement. In the Colombian industrial sector, the highest energy efficiency measured was from the cost minimization model, suggesting that the relative energy prices have not generated the right incentives to improve energy efficiency. A second-stage regression and correlation analysis reveal that, in German EISs, energy costs and investments have played an important role in energy efficiency performance and decrease CO2 emissions. In Colombian EISs, inter-fuel substitution was the most significant variable. Finally, the results of DEA models show a significant correlation with the traditional energy efficiency measure, indicating that the energy efficiency measured through DEA could be complementary to the energy intensity in analyzing other key elements of energy efficiency performance in the industrial sector.
